Kidney stones are solid formations that develop when minerals and salts in the urine clump together inside the kidneys. This typically happens when urine becomes too concentrated, allowing these substances to crystallize and form stones. Their size can vary widely — from a tiny grain of sand to as large as a golf ball.

These stones can stay within the kidney or move into the urinary tract, often leading to discomfort or severe pain. One of the most common symptoms is sharp, intense pain in the back, side, lower abdomen, or groin. This pain can come in waves and may fluctuate in intensity.

Other common signs of kidney stones include:

• Pain or burning sensation during urination
• Pink, red, or brown urine (indicating blood in the urine)
• Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
• Frequent urge to urinate, or difficulty urinating
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fever and chills (especially if there’s an accompanying infection)

While small stones might pass on their own without much trouble, larger stones may block the urinary tract and require medical treatment.

If you notice any of these symptoms, it's important to consult a urologist promptly. Early diagnosis and expert care can help prevent complications and ensure effective treatment.

Kidney stones form when certain minerals and salts in the urine become too concentrated and start to crystallize, eventually hardening into stone-like deposits. Several lifestyle, dietary, and medical factors can contribute to this process.

One of the most common causes is dehydration. When you don’t drink enough water, urine becomes more concentrated, increasing the chances of stone-forming substances—such as calcium, oxalate, and uric acid—clumping together.

Diet plays a significant role as well. Consuming large amounts of foods high in oxalates (like spinach, beets, or nuts), excessive salt, or high levels of animal protein can disrupt the balance of minerals in your urine.

Certain health conditions, such as gout, hyperparathyroidism, urinary tract infections, and digestive disorders, can alter how your body processes minerals, raising your risk of kidney stones. Additionally, individuals with a family history of kidney stones may inherit a tendency to form them more easily.

Other contributing factors include:

Obesity and sedentary lifestyle

• Metabolic disorders like diabetes or insulin resistance
• Certain medications, including diuretics or excessive use of calcium-based antacids
• Abnormal urine pH levels or low levels of citrate, a natural inhibitor of stone formation

Understanding the underlying cause is crucial for effective prevention and treatment. A consultation with a urologist at MASSH can help identify your risk factors and guide you with a personalized plan to prevent recurrence.

Kidney stones can affect anyone, but certain groups of people are more vulnerable due to a combination of genetics, lifestyle choices, and underlying health conditions.

Men are generally at a higher risk than women, and kidney stones are most commonly seen in individuals between the ages of 20 and 50, although they can occur at any age. A family history or previous personal experience with kidney stones significantly increases the likelihood of developing them again, often due to inherited tendencies in mineral absorption or excretion.

Dehydration is a leading risk factor. People living in hot climates or those who don’t drink enough fluids tend to produce concentrated urine, which encourages stone formation. Dietary habits also play a role—high intake of salt, animal protein, and oxalate-rich foods (like spinach, beets, and nuts) can raise the risk.

Certain medical conditions further increase vulnerability, including:

• Obesity
• Diabetes
• Gout
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
• History of gastric bypass or bariatric surgery

Additionally, a sedentary lifestyle and the use of specific medications—such as diuretics or calcium-based antacids—may also contribute by affecting urine composition.

While not all risk factors can be controlled, maintaining proper hydration, making dietary adjustments, and seeking medical guidance can significantly reduce your chances of developing kidney stones. For those at higher risk, a urologist at MASSH can provide a personalized prevention and care plan.

Diagnosing kidney stones involves a thorough review of your symptoms, medical history, and a set of diagnostic tests to accurately determine the presence, size, type, and location of the stones.

Your healthcare provider will first assess common symptoms like sharp pain in the side or lower abdomen, blood in the urine, or difficulty urinating, while also considering risk factors such as diet, dehydration, or a family history of kidney stones.

To support the diagnosis, the following tests may be performed:

• Blood Tests: These help detect high levels of minerals like calcium or uric acid that contribute to stone formation and also evaluate overall kidney function.
• Urine Tests (24-hour collection): Used to measure the amount of stone-forming substances (such as calcium or oxalate) and protective compounds like citrate. This can help identify any metabolic imbalances.

Imaging Tests:

• Non-contrast CT Scan: The most accurate and widely used method to detect stones of all sizes and pinpoint their exact location in the urinary tract.
• Ultrasound: A safer, radiation-free option, especially useful for pregnant women or children, though it may not detect smaller stones.
• X-ray (KUB – Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder): Can detect larger stones but may miss smaller or less dense ones.

In some cases, if a stone is passed during urination, it may be collected and analyzed in a lab to determine its composition. This helps guide both treatment and future prevention strategies.

Early and accurate diagnosis is key to effective management. If you're experiencing symptoms suggestive of kidney stones, consult a urology expert at MASSH for proper evaluation and care.

At MASSH (Minimal Access Smart Surgery Hospital), Delhi, we offer advanced, minimally invasive treatments for kidney stones, customized based on the stone’s size, location, and type to ensure effective and comfortable recovery.

For smaller stones, conservative management with oral medications, pain relief, and increased fluid intake may be sufficient to allow the stone to pass naturally.

For larger or more complex stones, we use state-of-the-art procedures, including:

• RIRS (Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery): A highly precise, incision-free procedure where a flexible endoscope and laser are used to break and remove stones from the kidney through the natural urinary pathway.
• URS (Ureteroscopy): Ideal for stones in the ureter, this technique involves inserting a thin scope through the urinary tract to locate and either remove or fragment the stone with a laser.
• PCNL (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy) and Mini-PCNL (Miniperc): Minimally invasive surgeries performed through a small incision in the back to extract larger kidney stones that can’t pass naturally.

Open surgery is rarely required today, thanks to these minimally invasive options, which lead to quicker recovery, less pain, and fewer complications.

At MASSH, each patient receives individualized care guided by our experienced team of expert urologists, using the latest technologies and evidence-based protocols.

To explore your treatment options or book a consultation, reach out to our specialists at MASSH Delhi or visit our website for more information.

The benefits and risks of kidney stone treatments depend on the size, type, and location of the stone, as well as the chosen treatment method and the patient’s overall health.

For smaller stones, non-invasive options such as increased hydration, dietary changes, and prescribed medications can be effective. These methods are generally low-risk but may not work for larger or more stubborn stones.

Minimally invasive procedures, like RIRS, URS, and Mini-PCNL, offer significant benefits:

• Faster recovery times
• Minimal or no external incisions
• Less post-operative pain
• Shorter hospital stays

However, even minimally invasive techniques may carry some risks, including:

• Bleeding
• Urinary tract infections
• Injury to nearby tissues or organs
• Temporary discomfort during recovery

Open surgery, though rarely required, may be considered for very large or complex stones. While it can offer a permanent solution, it also comes with a longer recovery period and increased risk of complications.

At MASSH, your treatment plan is personalized by experienced urologists, who will carefully assess your condition and explain the potential benefits and risks of each option. This ensures you receive the safest and most effective care tailored to your needs.

The time it takes to pass a kidney stone depends on several factors, including the stone’s size, location, and the individual’s urinary flow and overall health. At MASSH Hospital in Delhi, we use advanced minimally invasive procedures to help patients achieve faster and more comfortable recovery.

Natural Passage

• Small stones (less than 5 mm) may pass on their own within a few days to a couple of weeks, especially with proper hydration and medication.
• Larger stones may take longer or require medical intervention.

Common Treatment Timelines at MASSH:

✅ RIRS (Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery):

• Duration: 1–2 hours under anesthesia
• Recovery: Discharge usually same day or within 24 hours
• Stone fragments often pass in a few days after the procedure

✅ URS (Ureteroscopy):

• Duration: Around 30 minutes to 1 hour
• Recovery: Same-day discharge is common
• Remaining fragments pass within days to a week

✅ PCNL or Mini-PCNL (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy):

• Duration: 1–3 hours depending on complexity
• Hospital Stay: 1–3 days
• Most stones are cleared immediately, with small pieces passing in 1–2 weeks

✅ Open Surgery (rare):

• Hospital Stay: 4–7 days
• Full recovery may take a few weeks

Post-Treatment Care:

After treatment, patients are advised to drink 2–3 liters of fluids daily to help flush out any remaining fragments. Follow-up imaging is typically done within 1 to 4 weeks to ensure complete stone clearance.

Most individuals are able to return to their normal routines within 1–2 weeks, depending on the procedure performed and their overall condition. If symptoms persist or complications arise, it’s important to seek medical advice promptly.

Yes, kidney stones can often be prevented with the right combination of lifestyle changes, dietary modifications, and medical support, especially for individuals who are at higher risk.

Key Prevention Strategies:

💧 Stay Hydrated:
Drinking 2.5 to 3 liters of water daily helps keep urine diluted, which reduces the buildup of minerals like calcium, oxalate, and uric acid—the primary culprits in stone formation.

🍽️ Follow a Balanced Diet:

• Limit salt intake to less than 2,300 mg per day to prevent calcium buildup.
• Reduce oxalate-rich foods such as spinach, beets, and rhubarb.
• Moderate animal protein to help control uric acid levels.
• Include citrate-rich fruits like lemons and oranges, which naturally inhibit stone formation.

⚖️ Maintain a Healthy Weight:
Regular exercise and weight management can reduce metabolic conditions linked to kidney stones, including obesity and insulin resistance.

🩺 Medical Management:
If you have underlying conditions like gout, hyperparathyroidism, or a history of kidney stones, medical intervention may be necessary.

• Doctors may recommend urine and blood tests to detect stone-forming risks.
• Medications such as thiazide diuretics or potassium citrate may be prescribed to correct imbalances.
• Limit unnecessary use of vitamin C supplements and calcium-based antacids, as they can contribute to stone formation in some cases.

📋 Personalized Monitoring:
For individuals with recurring stones, regular follow-ups—including 24-hour urine analysis or imaging tests—can help tailor a long-term prevention plan.

You should consult a doctor for kidney stones if you're experiencing symptoms that suggest the stone is causing complications or is unlikely to pass on its own.

Seek medical attention immediately if you notice:

• Severe or persistent pain in the back, side, or lower abdomen that doesn’t improve with over-the-counter painkillers
• Blood in the urine, which may appear pink, red, or brown
• Painful, burning urination, or cloudy or foul-smelling urine
• Fever, chills, nausea, or vomiting—these can be signs of a urinary tract infection or blockage
• Difficulty urinating, reduced urine output, or a constant urge to urinate with minimal flow

Even if symptoms are mild, you should see a doctor if:

• The stone doesn’t pass naturally within 1 to 4 weeks
• The stone is suspected to be larger than 6 mm, which usually requires a medical procedure
• You have a history of kidney stones, frequent urinary infections, or underlying health conditions such as diabetes, gout, or hyperparathyroidism

A urologist at MASSH Hospital may recommend diagnostic tests like a CT scan, ultrasound, or urine and blood tests to confirm the presence and type of stone. Based on the findings, treatment options like medications, hydration plans, or minimally invasive procedures such as RIRS (Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery) or URS (Ureteroscopy) may be advised

Kidney stones can range from relatively harmless to potentially serious, depending on their size, location, and whether they cause complications.

Small stones, typically under 4 mm, often pass on their own with minimal discomfort. However, larger stones (over 6 mm) or those that block the urinary tract can lead to significant health risks. A blocked ureter can cause urine to back up into the kidney, potentially resulting in swelling, infection, or long-term kidney damage if left untreated.

In some cases, kidney stones can lead to urinary tract infections (UTIs). If symptoms such as fever, chills, cloudy urine, or severe pain are present, it may indicate a more serious condition such as urosepsis, which requires immediate medical attention.

Persistent symptoms, visible blood in the urine, or repeated episodes of kidney stones may suggest underlying issues like metabolic imbalances, chronic dehydration, or anatomical abnormalities. Certain types of stones—such as struvite stones, which are often linked to recurrent infections—can grow rapidly and cause more severe complications.

At MASSH Hospital, most kidney stone cases are effectively managed through hydration, dietary guidance, medication, or minimally invasive treatments like RIRS, URS, or PCNL, depending on the stone’s size and location.

Early diagnosis and treatment are key to avoiding complications. Individuals with risk factors like a history of kidney stones, diabetes, or urinary tract issues should consult a specialist for preventive care and timely intervention.

Kidney stones can affect anyone, but certain individuals are more likely to develop them due to a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and medical factors.

Men are generally at higher risk than women, with most cases occurring between the ages of 20 and 50, though stones can form at any age. Having a personal or family history of kidney stones greatly increases the chances of recurrence, as genetics can influence how your body manages minerals like calcium and oxalate.

Dehydration is one of the most common risk factors. People who live in hot climates or don’t drink enough fluids are more likely to develop concentrated urine, which encourages stone formation. Diet also plays a key role—high intake of salt, oxalate-rich foods (like spinach and beets), or excessive animal protein can raise levels of stone-forming substances in the urine.

Certain health conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, hyperparathyroidism, and gout, can disrupt normal urine chemistry, making stone development more likely. Individuals with chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or those who have undergone gastric bypass surgery may also face increased risk due to changes in nutrient absorption and urine composition.

Additionally, a sedentary lifestyle or long-term use of certain medications (like diuretics or calcium-based antacids) can contribute to kidney stone risk.

While many of these risk factors are manageable, it’s important to stay hydrated, follow a balanced diet, and seek regular medical advice, especially if you’ve had kidney stones in the past or have conditions that affect kidney function. A healthcare provider can help develop a personalized prevention plan to reduce your risk.

The cost of kidney stone treatment can vary significantly depending on the size of the stone, the treatment method, and the healthcare facility.

For small stones, conservative management such as hydration, pain relief medications, and monitoring is usually affordable and involves minimal medical intervention. However, when stones are larger or cause complications, more advanced procedures are needed, which can increase the overall cost.

Minimally invasive treatments like Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS), Ureteroscopy (URS), and Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) are commonly performed at hospitals like MASSH. These procedures typically cost more due to factors such as specialized surgical equipment, anesthesia, and hospital stay durations (ranging from day care to a few days).

Though rare, open surgery is the most expensive option because it involves a longer hospitalization period and extended recovery time.

Key elements influencing treatment cost include:

• Type of procedure recommended
• Hospital’s location and reputation
• Surgeon’s experience and specialization
• Diagnostic investigations (CT scans, ultrasounds, urine/blood tests)
• Post-treatment care, such as medications, stent placement, or follow-ups
• Any complications or pre-existing medical conditions

If you have health insurance, it may cover part or all of your treatment, depending on your policy and provider.

For an accurate cost estimate tailored to your condition and needs, it’s best to consult directly with the urology specialists at MASSH Hospital or your healthcare provider.

MASSH (Minimal Access Smart Surgery Hospital) in Delhi offers advanced, minimally invasive solutions for kidney stone treatment, focusing on precision, faster recovery, and patient comfort.

For small kidney stones, treatment typically involves non-surgical methods such as medications, pain management, and hydration guidance to help the stone pass naturally. In cases where stones are larger or causing complications, MASSH provides cutting-edge procedures, including:

• RIRS (Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery): A laser-based, incision-free procedure performed through a flexible endoscope to break stones inside the kidney.
• URS (Ureteroscopy): Used to remove or fragment stones located in the ureter.
• PCNL and Miniperc: Ideal for treating larger or complex stones through a small incision in the back, minimizing recovery time and hospital stay.

Open surgery is rarely required, thanks to these advanced techniques.

At MASSH, patients benefit from:

• Expert urologists with years of surgical experience
• High-precision diagnostic tools, including CT scans and ultrasounds
• Personalized care, including stone analysis and dietary counselling to prevent recurrence
• Minimally invasive procedures designed to reduce pain and downtime

To learn more about your treatment options or to book a consultation, visit the MASSH website or contact the hospital directly.

Yes, kidney stones can recur, and they have a notably high recurrence rate. Studies indicate that up to 50% of individuals who experience a kidney stone are likely to develop another within 5 to 10 years, especially if preventive measures are not taken.

The chances of recurrence depend on several factors, including:

• Type of stone (e.g., calcium oxalate stones are the most common and more likely to return)
• Inadequate hydration
• Poor dietary habits, such as high salt or animal protein intake
• Underlying health conditions like gout or hyperparathyroidism
• Family history of kidney stones

To reduce the risk of future stones, doctors typically recommend:

• Drinking at least 2.5 to 3 liters of water daily
• Limiting sodium and animal protein
• Avoiding or reducing high-oxalate foods such as spinach, beets, and certain nuts (based on stone type)
• Personalized nutrition and lifestyle guidance
• Regular follow-ups and urine analysis to monitor risk factors

At MASSH, we provide comprehensive care plans tailored to each patient’s condition, helping minimize the risk of recurrence through targeted treatment and long-term prevention strategies.

Recovery after kidney stone treatment, especially following minimally invasive procedures like RIRS (Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery), is generally smooth and quick. However, some temporary side effects are common and usually resolve within a few days.

You may experience:

• Mild pain or discomfort in the lower back or abdomen
• Blood-tinged urine for a short period
• A burning sensation while urinating
• Increased urinary frequency or urgency

Staying well-hydrated is crucial during this time, as it helps flush out any remaining stone fragments and supports kidney health. Your doctor may prescribe:

• Pain relievers to ease discomfort
• Antibiotics to prevent infection
• Medications to relax the ureter, making urination more comfortable

Most patients can return to normal activities within a few days after RIRS. Your urologist may recommend follow-up imaging (such as an ultrasound or CT scan) to confirm that the stone has been completely cleared and to monitor for any recurrence.

Booking an appointment at MASSH (Minimal Access Smart Surgery Hospital) for kidney stone treatment is simple and convenient. You can:

• Call us directly at +91 11 3502 1666
• Submit your query online through our official contact page: https://massh.in/contact-us
• Visit our Outpatient Department (OPD) for an in-person consultation without prior booking

Our team of experienced urologists offers advanced, minimally invasive treatments, including RIRS, PCNL, and laser lithotripsy, tailored to each patient’s needs.

To make the most of your consultation, we recommend bringing along any previous medical records, lab reports, or imaging scans. For patients with urgent symptoms, priority appointments may be available.

Let MASSH help you take the next step toward safe, effective kidney stone treatment with expert care and personalized attention.

Yes, pain in the side or lower back—often referred to as renal colic—is a common symptom of kidney stones, particularly when the stone is moving through the urinary tract. This pain typically begins suddenly and is usually felt on one side, just below the ribs, extending toward the lower abdomen or groin.

The intensity can vary and may come in waves, feeling either sharp or cramp-like. Additional symptoms often include:

• Nausea or vomiting
• Blood in the urine (hematuria)
• Burning sensation or discomfort while urinating
• Increased frequency or urgency to urinate

However, it’s important to note that similar back pain could also result from muscle strain, urinary tract infections, or other medical conditions. If you’re experiencing persistent, severe, or unexplained side or lower back pain, consult a doctor promptly for an accurate diagnosis and timely treatment.

At MASSH in Delhi, our expert urology team uses advanced diagnostic tools to determine the cause and provide effective care tailored to your needs.

Yes, kidney stones can develop during pregnancy, although it’s relatively uncommon, affecting approximately 1 in every 1,500 pregnant women. Pregnancy-related hormonal and anatomical changes—such as increased calcium levels in the urine and reduced urinary flow due to pressure from the growing uterus—can create favorable conditions for stone formation.

Common symptoms may include:

• Sharp or cramping pain in the lower back or side
• Blood in the urine
• Nausea or vomiting
• Increased urgency or frequency of urination

Diagnosing and managing kidney stones during pregnancy requires special care to protect both the mother and the baby. Ultrasound is typically used for diagnosis, as it’s safe and effective. Treatment usually focuses on hydration, pain relief, and careful monitoring. In more complex cases, minimally invasive procedures may be considered under expert supervision.

If you’re pregnant and suspect you may have kidney stones, prompt consultation with a healthcare professional is essential. At MASSH in Delhi, our experienced team ensures safe, personalized care using pregnancy-safe diagnostic and treatment approaches.

The initial signs of kidney stones often begin with a sudden, sharp pain in the lower back, side, or below the ribs, which can radiate to the abdomen or groin. This pain, known as renal colic, tends to come in waves and varies in intensity as the stone moves through the urinary tract.

Other early symptoms may include:

• Frequent urge to urinate
• Burning sensation while urinating
• Discolored urine (pink, red, or cloudy) due to blood in the urine
• Nausea or vomiting
• Foul-smelling urine

Recognizing these early warning signs is important for timely diagnosis and treatment. If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, it’s advisable to consult a urologist promptly. At MASSH (Minimal Access Smart Surgery Hospital) in Delhi, our specialists use advanced diagnostic tools and personalized care plans to manage kidney stones effectively and with minimal discomfort.