Kidney Cysts are abnormal growths that form on the kidneys. These cysts are filled with fluid and can vary in size from very small to quite large. They can develop on one or both kidneys and can occur in people of any age, although they are more common in older adults, with up to 50% of people over the age of 50 developing at least one cyst in their kidneys. Men are more likely than women to develop kidney cysts.

In most cases, kidney cysts are noncancerous and do not cause symptoms, are harmless, and require no treatment. However, in some cases, they can grow and cause pain, discomfort, or other complications, such as infection or kidney damage. 
In some cases, the cysts can become infected, leading to symptoms such as fever, chills, and pain in the lower back or side. Kidney cysts can also cause complications such as high blood pressure or kidney damage if left untreated. In some cases, kidney cysts can be a sign of an underlying genetic condition such as polycystic kidney disease, which can lead to kidney failure over time.

Types of Kidney Cysts 
There are different types of kidney cysts, including:

• Simple Kidney Cysts : These are the most common type of kidney cyst and typically benign. They do not cause any symptoms and do not require treatment unless they are causing pain or discomfort.
• Complex Kidney Cysts : These cysts have distinct characteristics that may be indicative of malignancy or infection. They may have thick walls, multiple cysts, or irregular shapes. These cysts have a higher chance of being cancerous and require further evaluation such as a biopsy to determine if they are benign or malignant.
• Polycystic Kidney Cysts  (PKD): This is a genetic disorder that causes multiple cysts to form in the kidneys. PKD can cause chronic kidney disease and can also affect the liver, brain, and heart.
• Medullary Cystic Kidney Cysts  (MCKD): This is another genetic disorder that causes cysts to form in the medulla of the kidneys. MCKD can lead to chronic kidney disease and kidney failure.
• Acquired Cystic Kidney Cysts  (ACKD): This type of cyst develops in people who have chronic kidney disease. ACKD can increase the risk of kidney cancer.

Symptoms of Kidney Cysts  
 

Symptoms of kidney cysts can vary depending on the size and number of cysts present. Some common symptoms include:

• Pain or discomfort in the back or side, near the kidney area
• A feeling of fullness or heaviness in the abdomen
• A mass or lump that can be felt through the skin in the abdomen or in the side or back
• High blood pressure (hypertension)
• Blood in the urine (hematuria)
• Frequent urination or difficulty urinating
• Loss of appetite or nausea

Many people with kidney cysts do not experience any symptoms. In some cases, cysts may be discovered incidentally during an imaging test done for another reason. If you have any of the above symptoms or are concerned about your kidney health, it's important to speak with your doctor

Causes of Kidney Cysts 

While the exact cause of kidney cysts is not fully understood, there are a few known risk factors and underlying conditions that can contribute to their formation. These cysts can be benign or malignant and can occur at any age. Some of the causes and risk factors of kidney cysts include:

• Age: Kidney cysts are more common in older adults, especially those over the age of 50.
• Genetics: Certain genetic conditions, such as polycystic kidney disease (PKD), can increase the risk of developing kidney cysts.
• Kidney Damage: Individuals with a history of kidney damage or disease may be more likely to develop kidney cysts.
• Certain Medications: Some medications, such as lithium, can increase the risk of developing kidney cysts.
• High Blood Pressure: Individuals with high blood pressure may have a higher risk of developing kidney cysts.

Most kidney cysts are benign and do not cause any symptoms. However, in some cases, they may become large and cause pain or discomfort. In rare cases, kidney cysts can become cancerous, so it's important to have any suspicious cysts evaluated.

At MASSH, we understand that each patient's situation is unique, and we work with our patients to determine the best treatment option for their individual needs. Our team of experienced physicians is dedicated to providing the highest level of care to our patients and ensuring their well-being throughout the treatment process. If you are experiencing symptoms related to kidney cysts, we encourage you to contact us to discuss your treatment options.