Frozen Shoulder, scientifically known as Adhesive Capsulitis, is a condition that affects the shoulder joint, causing pain, stiffness, and limited mobility. It typically develops gradually over time and can significantly limit the range of motion and mobility of the affected shoulder.It is estimated that around 2-5% of the general population may develop frozen shoulder at some point in their lives. The condition most commonly affects individuals between the ages of 40 and 60, with women being more susceptible than men.

Frozen shoulder is believed to be a result of the thickening and tightening of the joint capsule surrounding the shoulder joint. This can lead to the formation of adhesions, or abnormal bands of tissue, which restrict the movement of the shoulder joint. Frozen shoulder typically progresses through three stages: The Freezing Stage, The Frozen Stage, and The Thawing Stage. During the freezing stage, pain and stiffness gradually increase, making movements of the shoulder joint more challenging. The frozen stage is characterized by a plateau phase where the pain may subside but the stiffness and limited range of motion persist. Finally, during the thawing stage, there is a gradual improvement in shoulder mobility, although it may take several months to years for a full recovery.

Understanding the facts about frozen shoulder can help individuals recognize the symptoms, seek appropriate treatment, and actively participate in their recovery process.

Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder 

Symptoms of frozen shoulder typically develop gradually and progress through different stages. The hallmark symptom is shoulder pain that worsens over time and limits the range of motion. Here are the common symptoms associated with frozen shoulder:

• Shoulder Pain: The primary symptom of frozen shoulder is persistent pain in the shoulder joint. The pain is often dull, aching, and deep in nature. It may worsen with movement or at night, making it difficult to find a comfortable sleeping position.
• Limited Range of Motion: As the condition progresses, stiffness and reduced mobility in the shoulder joint become prominent. Initially, there may be difficulty reaching behind the back, performing overhead movements, or lifting objects. Over time, the range of motion can become severely restricted, making everyday activities challenging.
• Shoulder Stiffness: The shoulder joint feels tight and rigid, and there is a sense of "frozen" or "locked" sensation. This stiffness can significantly impact the ability to perform normal shoulder movements and may cause discomfort even at rest.
• Painful Movements: Certain movements of the shoulder, such as reaching overhead, lifting, or rotating the arm, can elicit sharp or intense pain. The pain may be felt both in the shoulder joint itself and in the surrounding muscles.
• Shoulder Weakness: In some cases, weakness in the affected shoulder may be experienced. This weakness can make it difficult to perform daily tasks that require strength or coordination, such as carrying heavy objects or pushing/pulling.

The symptoms of frozen shoulder can vary in severity and duration. The condition typically progresses through three stages: the freezing stage, the frozen stage, and the thawing stage. Each stage is characterized by different symptoms and levels of shoulder dysfunction. 

Causes of Frozen Shoulder 

The exact cause of frozen shoulder is still not fully understood. However, several factors are believed to contribute to the development of this condition. Here are some common causes and risk factors associated with frozen shoulder:

• Immobilization: Immobilizing the shoulder joint for an extended period, such as after a shoulder injury, surgery, or prolonged arm immobilization, can increase the risk of developing frozen shoulder. Lack of movement can lead to the formation of adhesions and scar tissue within the shoulder joint, causing it to become stiff and painful.
• Inflammatory Conditions: Certain inflammatory conditions, such as arthritis, bursitis, and tendinitis, can trigger the development of frozen shoulder. The inflammation in these conditions can affect the shoulder joint capsule, leading to the thickening and tightening of the tissues.
• Age and Gender: Frozen shoulder is more commonly seen in individuals between the ages of 40 and 60, with the risk increasing with age. It also tends to occur more frequently in women than men.
• Systemic Diseases: Certain systemic conditions, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, thyroid disorders, and Parkinson's disease, have been associated with an increased risk of developing frozen shoulder. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, but it is believed that these conditions can contribute to inflammation and affect the shoulder joint's normal functioning.
• Shoulder Trauma or Injury: Previous shoulder trauma, injury, or surgery can lead to the development of frozen shoulder. The body's healing response to the injury can result in the formation of scar tissue, which may restrict shoulder movement and cause pain.

While these factors are associated with an increased risk of developing frozen shoulder, the exact cause can vary from person to person. Consulting with a healthcare professional is essential for an accurate diagnosis and to determine the underlying cause of frozen shoulder in individual cases.

If you are experiencing symptoms of frozen shoulder or have concerns about your shoulder mobility, it is important to seek medical attention for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. A healthcare professional can assess your condition, conduct any necessary imaging or tests, and recommend appropriate interventions to help alleviate your symptoms and restore normal shoulder function. Remember, early intervention and proper management are key to improving your quality of life and preventing further complications. Contact a healthcare provider at MASSH  today to discuss your concerns and take the necessary steps towards relief from frozen shoulder.